An Integrative Review of Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Influencing Human Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.2793Keywords:
Muscle growth, Muscle hypertrophy, Genetic factors, Non-genetic factorsAbstract
Muscle growth is a complex biological process that is limited by both environmental and genetic factors. This review paper explores the integration of genetic and non-genetic factors and how they impact muscle growth and variation among individuals. Both of these influences have the potential to significantly guide muscle growth, causing a widespread contrast in muscle mass within individuals.
Key genes, which are the Androgen Receptor gene, Myostatin gene, IGF-1 gene, and the ACTN3 gene, cause the largest impacts on muscle hypertrophy, leading to a widespread variation in muscle mass within humans. Other genes, including KDM5B, OBSCN, GIGYF1, TTN, RB1CC1, and EIF3J, have been found to increase strength. Crucial non-genetic factors have also been identified to significantly impact muscle hypertrophy and largely contribute to the overall variation in muscle mass among humans. These factors are sleep, hormones, physical training, nutrition, and age. This knowledge allows personalized fitness and nutrition practice to maximize muscle growth potential and find applications in varied fields from sports science to interventions in medicine.
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