Schizophrenia Affecting Religion and Twins

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric illness influenced by a complex interaction of biological, cultural, and environmental influences. This paper will review how symptoms, their interpretations, and treatment of the disorder vary across international contexts. Cultural and religious explanations dominate concerning hallucinations and delusions, even as stigma is high in collectivist Eastern societies that seek out supernatural interpretations. These often delay access to psychiatric care while increasing reliance on traditional healing practices. Second, genetic research has provided substantial evidence for hereditary vulnerability, while at the same time pointing out various environmental stressors that may trigger or exacerbate symptoms. Neuroscience is further uncovering some abnormalities in brain structure and function, including abnormalities in areas of memory, decision-making, and control of dopamine. Newer treatments have combined medication, psychotherapy, community support, and developing technologies such as TMS and neuroimaging, guiding care. While science has made many gains in understanding schizophrenia, stigma remains, culturally and socially influenced, an enduring barrier to effective care. Greater public education, culturally sensitive care, and a commitment to further research hold the key to better outcomes for those affected with this illness.