Investigating the Impact of UV-B Radiation on Corneal Epithelial Cells
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.3914Keywords:
Vision, Ocular, Apoptosis, DNA, Eye Disease, Cornea, Epithelial, Cells, AntioxidantsAbstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an environmental exposure that has significant effects on human health, including damage to the eyes. The eyes have several layers of protection. This paper focuses on the outermost surface of the eye: the cornea. Due to its absorption properties, UV-B radiation is transmitted to the eyes and therefore increases the risk rate. UV-B exposure systematically inflicts harm to the corneal cells through several mechanisms: DNA damage, an increase in oxidative stress, disruption of normal cell function, and triggering programmed cell death in corneal epithelial cells. This review synthesizes findings from previously published studies to provide a detailed but accessible explanation of how UV-B radiation affects corneal epithelial cells. It focuses on several key processes: direct DNA damage, activation of DNA damage receptors such as γH2AX, cell regulation pathways like p53, and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in amplifying injury. The review also discusses protective strategies. Protective strategies include antioxidant eye drops, dietary measures, circadian regulation of DNA repair, and retinoids. Finally, UV-related eye diseases such as photokeratitis and pterygium are discussed within a public health framework, emphasizing that the majority of UV-related vision loss is oftentimes preventable suffering. Response mechanisms, if implemented, can mitigate the risk of UV vision loss. By connecting cellular mechanisms to real-world outcomes, this review highlights how understanding biological mechanisms can guide simple, affordable strategies to protect long-term vision and prevent optic diseases.References
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