The Effects of Minority Stress and Social Acceptance on Brain Function in LGBTQ+ Individuals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.4071Keywords:
mental health, neurplasticity, LGBTQ Health, social rejection, minority stressAbstract
This paper examines the link between psychology and neuroscience by investigating the influence of minority stress and social acceptance on the well-being of the neurological functioning among the LGBTQ+ population. Specifically, it reviews the psychological pathways related to chronic stress, such as activation of the HPA-axis, release of cortisol, and alterations of the brain structures related to emotional regulation, memory, and decision making. Moreover, it will discuss the psychological aspects of stress due to discrimination and stigma, as well as the role of family acceptance and social rejection. This paper will analyze the current research of psychology, neuroscience, and neuroimaging in order to investigate how social experiences can shape the brain through the development of neuroplasticity and mental well being of a person.
References
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2009). Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 410–422. National Library of Medicine.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2648
Charmandari, E., Tsigos, C., & Chrousos, G. (2005). Endocrinology of the stress response. Annual Review of Physiology, 67(1), 259–284. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.040403.120816
Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D., Doyle, W. J., Miller, G. E., Frank, E., Rabin, B. S., & Turner, R. B. (2012). Chronic stress, glucocorticoid receptor resistance, inflammation, and disease risk. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(16), 5995–5999.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118355109
Davidson, R. J., & McEwen, B. S. (2012). Social influences on neuroplasticity: Stress and interventions to promote well-being. Nature Neuroscience, 15(5), 689–695. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3093
Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302(5643), 290–292. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089134
Frost, D. M., & Meyer, I. H. (2012). Measuring community connectedness among diverse sexual minority populations. Journal of Sex Research, 49(1), 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2011.565427
Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2009). How does sexual minority stigma “get under the skin?” A psychological mediation framework. Psychological Bulletin, 135(5), 707–730. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016441
Jäkel, S., & Dimou, L. (2017). Glial cells and their function in the adult brain: A journey through the history of their ablation. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 11(24). https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00024
King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., Killaspy, H., Osborn, D., Popelyuk, D., & Nazareth, I. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8(1), 70.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-8-70
Kolb, B., & Gibb, R. (2011). Brain plasticity and behaviour in the developing brain. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal De l’Academie Canadienne De Psychiatrie De L’enfant Et De L’adolescent, 20(4), 265–276.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22114608/
Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 434–445.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2639
McCorry, L. K. (2007). Physiology of the autonomic nervous system. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 71(4), 78.
https://doi.org/10.5688/aj710478
McEwen, B. S. (2017). Neurobiological and systemic effects of chronic stress. Chronic Stress, 1(1), 247054701769232.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547017692328
McEwen, B. S., & Gianaros, P. J. (2010). Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: Links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186(1), 190–222.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05331.x
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
Mikulak, A. (2021). Researchers find disparities in suicide risk among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. In National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Zhou, E. S. (2007). If it goes up, must it come down? Chronic stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in humans. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 25–45.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.25
Nath, R., Matthews, D.D., DeChants, J.P., Clark, C.M., Taylor, A.B., & Muñoz, G. (2024). 2024 U.S. National Survey on the Mental Health of LGBTQ+ Young People. West Hollywood, California: The Trevor Project.
https://www.thetrevorproject.org/survey-2024/
Nath, R., Matthews, D.D., Hobaica, S., DeChants, J.P., Eden, T.M., Taylor, A.B., & Suffredini, K. (2026). 2025 U.S. National Survey on the Mental Health of LGBTQ+ Young People. West Hollywood, California: The Trevor Project.
https://doi.org/10.70226/EKGT3197
Pachankis, J. E., Mahon, C. P., Jackson, S. D., Fetzner, B. K., & Bränström, R. (2020). Sexual orientation concealment and mental health: A conceptual and meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(10), 831–871.
https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000271
Purves, D., Augustine, G. J., Fitzpatrick, D., Katz, L. C., LaMantia, A.-S., McNamara, J. O., & Williams, S. M. (2001). Neurotransmitters. Neuroscience. 2Nd Edition. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10795/
Ramchand, R., Schuler, M. S., Schoenbaum, M., Colpe, L., & Ayer, L. (2022). Suicidality among sexual minority adults: Gender, age, and race/ethnicity differences. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 62(2).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2021.07.012
Roozendaal, B., McEwen, B. S., & Chattarji, S. (2009). Stress, Memory and the Amygdala. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 423–433.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2651
Ryan, C., Huebner, D., Diaz, R. M., & Sanchez, J. (2009). Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Pediatrics, 123(1), 346–352.
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3524
Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter-Brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: Interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5(1).
https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338
Ulrich-Lai, Y. M., & Herman, J. P. (2009). Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2647
Downloads
Posted
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Research Archive of Rising Scholars

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.