Safeguarding Orphans and the Homeless

Educational and Employment Policies in the USA and India

Abstract

Orphans and homeless individuals represent two of the most vulnerable and marginalized populations globally. These individuals often encounter extreme socio-economic hardships, limited access to education, and minimal opportunities for gainful employment. As a result, their ability to break the cycle of poverty is significantly hampered. The absence of stable family structures, coupled with housing insecurity, places orphans and the homeless at heightened risk of exploitation, neglect, and social exclusion. In both developed and developing countries, these issues persist, albeit in different forms and magnitudes. This paper seeks to explore how two distinct nations—the United States and India—have attempted to address the educational and employment needs of orphans and homeless individuals through policy frameworks, institutional support systems, and targeted welfare programs.

This comparative study analyzes the legislative underpinnings, implementation strategies, and on-the-ground effectiveness of such programs in both countries. It draws on government documents, academic research, and policy evaluations to assess the extent to which these frameworks succeed in protecting the rights and improving the lives of orphans and homeless individuals. It also considers the cultural, economic, and administrative contexts that shape policy implementation and outcomes. By evaluating successes, identifying persistent gaps, and exploring opportunities for cross-national learning, this paper aims to offer informed recommendations for creating more inclusive, effective systems of support. Ultimately, addressing the barriers faced by these vulnerable populations is not only a moral imperative but also a prerequisite for achieving broader goals of social equity and sustainable development in both national and global contexts.